The secret life of Balenciaga
By Suyin Haynes, CNN
(CNN) — Think of Balenciaga today, and you may think of bold accessories emblazoned with the brand’s name, futuristic footwear, and runway shows featuring celebrities splashed across social media.
Yet the label’s origins were rather more discreet; founder Cristóbal Balenciaga was renowned for his privacy, secrecy and need for control over every aspect of the design process. Now, “Cristóbal Balenciaga,” a new series from Disney+ Spain, raises the curtain on his private life during the 30 years he spent in Paris from 1937, where he elevated his craft, overcame personal and professional challenges, and built an internationally renowned fashion house with a lasting legacy.
Born in 1895 in the small town of Getaria in the Basque region of northern Spain to a working class family, Balenciaga learnt his skills from his mother — a seamstress — then as a tailor’s apprentice. “Even though Balenciaga was born very near to where I live in Spain, I didn’t know how important his figure was,” said Lourdes Iglesias, creator of “Cristóbal Balenciaga,” in an interview with CNN via a translator.
Iglesias said that the research process to build up a picture of Balenciaga was lengthy, detailed, and difficult, especially given how private a person he was and how few interviews he gave to the press. Yet, she said, the production was able to do primary research. “Where I and the directors live, there are people who knew him and could tell us some small details around the level of perfectionism he had.”
A young talent
Balenciaga began designing as a teenager and soon acquired his first patron — a powerful woman in his town, who sent him to tailoring school in Madrid and wore the results. At the age of 22, Balenciaga opened his first boutique in the coastal town of San Sebastian, followed by fashionable cities Madrid and Barcelona. The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War forced his stores in Spain to close, however, and in 1937, he moved to Paris with bold ambitions: to establish his own fashion house and join the likes of Coco Chanel, Elsa Schiaparelli and others in the world of French haute couture.
“Cristóbal Balenciaga” starts here, with the designer’s entry into the competitive Parisian fashion scene. (In the show, he is played by the actor Alberto San Juan.) “We thought it was the most important time, the most interesting time in his life,” said Iglesias.
The series charts Maison Balenciaga’s successes and challenges over a 30-year period, showing the intense rivalry among couturiers, the impact of the Nazi occupation of France, and the changing tastes in the high fashion market in the post-war years.
It also shows the personal challenges that Balenciaga faced, namely the death in 1947 of Wladzio Jaworowski d’Attainville, the brand’s head milliner and Balenciaga’s lover.
For Iglesias, showcasing Balenciaga’s skill as a master dressmaker was one of the most important aspects of the series’ storytelling. “He knew exactly how to sew a button, how to make a whole dress,” said Iglesias. “He didn’t make sketches; he saw how fabric moved and based on that, he created the dress. He didn’t believe in… giving it to someone else to make the dress.”
Indeed, Balenciaga’s contemporaries (and rivals) in Paris recognized his talent: Christian Dior called him “the master of us all,” Coco Chanel remarked that he was “the only true couturier,” and his protégé Hubert de Givenchy said he was “the architect of haute couture.”
The challenge of recreating designs from the past
Balenciaga’s innovative and bold approach to fashion is shown throughout the series. Recreations of the house’s collections show immaculately tailored silhouettes, unique constructions and dramatic use of fabric and color. His vision fostered a base of loyal, high profile clients through the 1940s and beyond, including Grace Kelly, Wallis Simpson and Marlene Dietrich, and admirers including revered American fashion editors Carmel Snow and Diana Vreeland.
To recreate the original looks, Maison Balenciaga granted Iglesias and the series’ costume designers, Bina Daigeler and Pepo Ruiz Dorado, access to their archives and museum. Daigeler said that upwards of 80 recreations of Balenciaga’s designs were made for the show, alongside vintage Balenciaga pieces that the cast were sometimes dressed in, although none of the original museum pieces were used. “It was very important to show the most iconic dresses, but we also needed to take into account the dramatic purpose when we use a dress, and which ones adapt better to the story we want to tell,” said Iglesias.
There were practical considerations too when deciding which garments to recreate, she added. “We had to (choose) garments that were easier to copy. It’s not possible to copy some of them now, because the fabrics have changed — you couldn’t make them with the fabrics we have nowadays.”
Indeed, Balenciaga’s own attention to detail when it came to fabric was meticulous, and the series depicts the invention of “gazar”, a stiff type of silk that was created specifically and exclusively for the designer. This material’s structure enabled Balenciaga to create some of his most iconic, architectural-like designs of the 1960s. “It’s about perfectionism,” said Iglesias. “He liked to control everything.”
That control extended to the very existence of the Balenciaga brand itself; something Iglesias was keen to depict in “Cristóbal Balenciaga.”
“His legacy is very, very important, and he mentioned that he didn’t want the Maison to continue with his name under a different designer,” Iglesias said. “The essence of the series is about his authorship. Only he is the author of his dresses.”
That came to bear in 1968, when Balenciaga suddenly closed the Maison in Paris. After his death in 1972, the brand lay dormant for 14 years, until it was bought by French perfume and cosmetics company Jacques Bogart SA and started introducing ready-to-wear lines (a concept Balenciaga was resistant to during his Paris years).
It was arguably the appointment of French-Belgian fashion designer Nicolas Ghesquière as Creative Director in 1997, and the house’s subsequent sale to French luxury fashion group Kering in 2001 that turned Balenciaga’s fortunes around, reviving the brand’s image for the modern era.
Since then, the fashion house has been no stranger to controversy, particularly in recent years. In November 2022, a pair of advertising campaigns sparked widespread backlash, resulting in apologies from the brand and its creative director Demna. Demna has also been credited for Balenciaga’s success with a new generation since he joined the house in 2015, reintroducing haute couture to the brand in 2021 for the first time in more than five decades, and featuring on TIME’s list of 100 most influential people the following year.
It’s clearly a very different era now than the one in which Cristóbal Balenciaga was working in. “(Balenciaga) did value his privacy, and it’s the opposite of the exhibitionism that we see nowadays,” said Iglesias, reflecting on change and continuity throughout the fashion landscape more generally. “I think Balenciaga is a different character compared to what new audiences consider the brand they know, and I think it’s good to talk about that. It’s always good to know about the origin of a brand.”
Cristóbal Balenciaga is now streaming on Disney+ in the UK and Europe.
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